“Harder to figure (out), it looks like whole grains by looking at it.” (E04 Hispanic woman) “Says whole grain out in the open but read ingredients.” (P24 white woman)Įmerging theme: identification of the food based on appearance, color, and assuming that “wheat” is whole grain Theme: viewing the words “whole grain” on the food packaging TABLE 4 Themes related to identification of grain foods by low-income adults ( n = 60)Ĭorrectly identified the whole-grain food A small thank-you incentive such as a whole-grain snack was provided for their time. For the purposes of brevity, race categories such as “African American or black” are abbreviated as “black” in this study. They also completed a 7-item demographic form and self-reported characteristics such as race. On the questionnaire, low-income adults indicated which foods were whole grains. Prior to use, the questionnaire was reviewed for content validity by the study team. The display included 5 whole-grain and 6 refined-grain foods (whole-grain bread, whole-grain cereal, popcorn, oatmeal, whole-grain crackers, refined-grain cereal, refined-wheat bread, refined white flour tortilla, white rice, refined-grain crackers, and refined elbow macaroni). For this display, commonly consumed foods as part of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommendations were chosen based on having either 100% whole-grain ingredients or 0% whole-grain ingredients. The whole-grain activity quantitative questionnaire involved the process of a participant viewing 11 grain foods in their original packaging on a nutrition display and determining if the food was a whole grain or not.
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